Postingan kali ini saya akan membagikan 5 contoh report text tentang plant kategori tanaman. Semoga bisa membantu dalam belajar Bahasa Inggris dan referensi mengerjakan tugas- tugas tentang Report Text.
Text selengkapnya ada dibagian referensi ya.. karena text berikut ini hanya cuplikannya saja.
1. Mahogany
(image from tokopedia.com)
Mahogany is deciduous tree that belongs to the
chinaberry family. There are three species of mahogany that can be found in
Mexico and in the Central and South America. Mahogany grows in wet and dry
tropical forests, from the sea level to the altitude of 4.600 feet. It prefers
rich, well-drained soils and areas near the river. Increased demand for
mahogany in the previous centuries led to drastic decline in the number of
mahogany in the wild. These plants are listed as vulnerable, which mean that
they can become endangered in the near future
Mahogany can reach 150 to 200 feet in height
and 6 feet in diameter (trunk). It develops large, broad crown. Mahogany has
dark brown, sweet-scented bark with flaky surface. Mahogany develops large
pinnate leaves that consist of 3 to 6 pairs of leaflets. They are oval-shaped
with pointed tips. Terminal leaflet is always absent. Leaves can reach up to 20
inches in length. Mahogany is also known as big-leaf mahogany due to oversized
leaves.
Mahogany blooms from April to June. It attracts
moths and small bees that are responsible for the pollination of flowers. Fruit
of mahogany is large, pear-shaped capsule. It is grey or brown colored and
filled with up to 71 seed. Fruit ripens usually from January to March.
Commercially available mahogany is cultivated
on the plantations in Asia (mostly in India, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Fiji).
Wild species of mahogany are protected by law and they cannot be harvested
anymore. Fruit of mahogany can be used to improve blood circulation. Mahogany
is slow-growing tree that can survive 350 years in the wild
2.Coconut Tree
(image from pinterest.com)
Coconut tree is a plant that belongs to the family Arecaceae. There are
over 150 species of coconuts that can be found in 80 different countries
throughout the world. Coconut tree grows only in the tropical climate. This
plant live on the sandy soil, requires a lot of sunlight and regular rainfalls.
Coconut tree does not tolerate low temperatures and low percent of humidity.
Cultivated plants are prone to insect attacks which can decrease production of
fruit worth of hundreds of million dollars. Coconut is important part of human
diet because it contains valuable vitamins and minerals. Other than that,
coconuts are used in the production of various wooden items, in the
construction industry, in the manufacture of beauty products and as a fuel.
Coconut trees can be dwarf and tall. Dwarf coconut trees can reach 20 to
60 feet in height, while tall coconut trees grow to the height of 98 feet.
Coconut tree has 13 to 20 inches long pinnate leaves. Leaflets have lanceolate
shape. They can reach 24 to 35 inches in length. Coconut tree is
attached to the ground via strong fibrous root system. Coconut tree
develops male and female flowers. They mature at different time to avoid
self-pollination. Two types of flowers can be distinguished by size: female
flowers are larger. Fruit of a coconut tree is botanically known as
drupe. Fruit becomes fully ripe after one year.
Under optimal weather conditions, coconut tree can produce 75 fruits per
year, but that happens extremely rare. More often, coconut tree produces 30
fruits each year. Ripe coconut has 3.2 pounds of weight. White, edible
flesh of coconut can be consumed raw or dried. Dry version of coconut flesh is
called "copra". Production of one ton of copra requires 6000 coconuts.
Each year, 61 million tons of coconuts are produced and distributed throughout
the world. In certain parts of the world, people use trained monkeys to
collect coconuts instead of them.
Coconut is very popular and often consumed fruit. Other than the flesh,
coconut water, milk and oil can be used in the preparation of various healthy
dishes. Coconut oil has wide application in cosmetic industry. Coconut
oil is part of various lotions because it smells nice and increases the
moisture of the skin. Wooden parts of coconuts are used in the
manufacture of furniture, decorative objects, drums, containers and even canoes.
All parts of the coconuts can be exploited, even their hard shells. Husk and
shell are discarded as waste after extraction of the fruit. They are used as
fuel and source of charcoal. Coconut oil is used as a substitute for diesel fuel.
Coconuts can survive up to 100 years in the wild
3. Bamboo
Bamboo is a type of flowering plant that belongs to the family Poaceae
(grasses). There are almost 1500 species of bamboo that can be found in Asia,
Australia, North and South America and Sub-Saharan Africa. Bamboo can grow on
different altitudes and under various climate conditions, but it prefers
tropical climate. Bamboo is one of the most exploited plants on the planet
because its cultivation doesn't require too much effort. Besides low cost of
maintenance, bamboo has numerous applications. It can be used in medicine, in
the building industry, for the production of various woody objects or as an
ingredient of numerous delicious meals.
Size of bamboo depends on the species. Largest species of bamboo can
reach 1300 feet in height. Bamboo can grow either as woody, tall plant
or as shorter, herbaceous plant. Individual stems of bamboo are called culms.
They arise from the underground rhizome and emerge from the ground fully
developed. Flowers of bamboo are rarely seen. Some species of bamboo
develop flowers after 65 or 120 years. Interesting fact about flowering is that
all plants of one bamboo species develop flowers at the same time, no matter
where they are located in the world. Besides from rhizome, bamboo can
develop from the seeds arranged in clusters at the end of the branches.
Bamboo is the fastest growing plant on the planet. It can grow 3 feet in
height in 24 hours under appropriate climate conditions. Unlike other woody
plants, bamboo reaches maturity after only 3 to 5 years. Bamboo releases
30% more oxygen into the atmosphere and absorbs more carbon dioxide compared to
other plants. Because of these features, bamboo greatly decreases amount of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and cleans the air. Bamboo does not
require fertilizers for optimal growth. Discarded leaves of bamboo provide all
needed nutrients when they start to decompose. Bamboo has wide and
strong root system which holds the soil stable and prevents erosion of the
ground.
Bamboo is often used in Asian cuisine. It can be served as salad or
consumed in the form of soup. Young shoots of bamboo contain toxin
called taxiphyllin. Because of that, bamboo needs to be cooked (high
temperature destroys toxin) before consumption. Various animals on the
planet used bamboo in their diet. Panda's diet is based on bamboo exclusively,
while mountain gorilla and lemurs of the Madagascar eat bamboo to enrich their
regular diet. Bamboo is used in folk medicine to treat infections and to
accelerate healing of the wounds. Bamboo has stronger structure than
steel and it is widely used in the construction industry. Other than that,
bamboo is used in the manufacture of floors, furniture, house walls,
skateboards, bicycle frames and helmets. Bamboo can survive more than
120 years in the wild.
4. Dodder
Dodder (cuscuta spp.) is a
parasitic annual that attaches itself to a plant like a vampire and extracts
its nutrients. Quickly drained, the host plant is greatly weakened while the
dodder continues its search for fresh prey. With no roots or leaves of its own,
dodder can grow up to three inches per day, continuously sprouting small
suckers called haustoria which locate and penetrate new host plants.
Dodder is found throughout the
country and recognized by the US Department of Agriculture as one of America's
10 most problematic weeds, Celia Thaxter herself recorded dodder's intrusion
into her own garden: “Year after year I waged war against it, but even yet it
is not entirely exterminated.” So while it's not exactly a newcomer, dodder is
nonetheless a noxious weed we must work to eradicate
Once an infestation has begun,
its rapid growth, attachment to surrounding host plants, and its quick
transition from flowering to seed production necessitate early detection and
intervention. Dodder is easy to recognize: a bright orange, string-like vine
you'll find enmeshed within other plants. An infestation will form an easily
recognized orange tangle of vines.
With hard-shelled seeds that
remain viable for more than 20 years, it's essential to prevent dodder from
going to seed. In this area, dodder tends to germinate around the end of June,
so the early use of herbicide (before mid-July) will kill the dodder but
unfortunately destroy its host as well. The safest way to remove dodder is to
cut its host well below the dodder's attachment point, bag it, heat the bag in
the sun, and transport it to the landfill (do not compost). And diligent
scouting of the infected area is important as resprouting from plant material
left behind or seeds are very likely. It is very important to not spread the
dodder around when trying to remove it. So weed wacking is not a good idea and
mowing should be done very carefully.
5. Spruce
(image from amazon.com)
Spruces are
evergreen coniferous trees that
belongs to the family Pinaceae. There
are about 35 species of
spruce in the world. They are found in
the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth. These
needled evergreens typically perform best in a site offering full sun, acidic
soil and good drainage but don’t grow well in clay soil. Spruces are large trees and
most species grow to the height of 20 to 60 meters (60 to 200 feet). The Sitka spruce is the tallest
species of spruce that can reach almost 100 meters (330 feet) in
height.
For most of the common spruces,
you can expect 150 – 200 year lifespan on average – though some have lived far
longer – 800 or 900 years is not unheard of. Spruces
are pyramidal trees with whorled branches and thin, scaly bark. The needles of spruce trees are attached singly to the branches in
a spiral fashion, each needle on a small peg-like structure. The
needles are shed when 4–10 years old, leaving the branches rough with the
retained pegs (an easy means of distinguishing them from other similar genera,
where the branches are fairly smooth).
Each spruce tree carries male and
female cones. The
larger female cones contain ovules, which develop into egg cells, or female
gametophytes. To reproduce, the smaller male cones let loose grains of pollen,
which are the male gametophytes. The pollen travels on the breeze to fertilize
the egg cells in the female cones. This produces an embryo protected by a seed
coating, but the process of ripening takes about three years. After that, the
cone opens up to release the seed.
Spruce produce resin that flows from the injured
bark. Unfortunately, resin is highly flammable and it facilitates spreading of
the forest fire.
Spruce is useful as a building wood. Spruce wood is used for many purposes, ranging from general construction work and crates to highly specialised uses in wooden aircraft. Spruce is the standard material used in soundboards for many musical instruments, including guitars, mandolins, cellos, violins, and the soundboard at the heart of a piano and the harp. Spruce is one of the most important woods for paper uses, as it has long wood fibres which bind together to make strong paper. Spruces are popular ornamental trees in horticulture, admired for their evergreen, symmetrical narrow-conic growth habit. For the same reason, some (particularly Norway spruce and Serbian Spruce) are also extensively used as Christmas trees.
Referensi :
(http://www.softschools.com
http://kitterylandtrust.org/
http://justfunfacts.com/
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