Descriptive Text: Pengertian, Tujuan, Struktur teks, Ciri Kebahasaan dan Contohnya

1. Pengertian (Definition)

Descriptive text adalah teks yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan tentang sesuatu seperti orang, tempat, benda, hewan tertentu.

2. Tujuan Komunikatif (Purpose)
Adapun tujuan descriptive text adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tentang sesuatu seperti orang, benda, tempat atau hewan tertentu secara detail. Pada umumnya yang dijelaskan adalah tentang ciri-ciri fisik, bentuk, sifat, tingkah laku, kebiasaan tentang sesuatu yang dideskripsikan tersebut.

3. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure)
Generic structure dari descriptive text adalah :
a. Identification
Merupakan pengenalan tentang benda, orang, hewan, tempat atau sesuatu yang dideskripsikan.

b. Description
Menginformasikan tentang ciri-ciri objek misalnya sifat, tampilan fisik, kebiasaan, hobi dan yang lainnya secara spesifik

4. Ciri Kebahasaan (Language Features)
Adapun  kebahasaan dari descriptive text antara lain :
1. Nouns tertentu, kata benda yang spesifik, seperti : my lovely cat, my teacher, my mother dan sebagainya.
2. Menggunakan simple present tense.
3. Menggunakan adjective yang menggambarkan tentang objek tertentu , seperti soft fur, lovely person, adorable, kind, friendly etc.
4. Kata penghubung (linking verb). seperti tobe (is, am,are)
5. Adverbials untuk memberikan informasi tambahan seperti ; at home, at school dsb

5. Contoh Descriptive Text


1. Contoh Descriptive Text tentang Tempat (Place)

        Nowadays museum becomes a great and valuable tourist object. There are many museums in Indonesia, one of which is Museum Purbakala at Sangiran. The museum is located 15 km from Surakarta. Sangiran is a village located on 17 km north of Surakarta, on the road to Purwodadi. It is an important place for Pithecanthropus Erectus, the pre-historic Java man. It is a land of fossilized  prehistoric living things. The Pleistocene Museums keeps some skull of the erectus, fossil of plants, and those of animals. Sangiran and other places such as Wajak (near Tulungagung) and Trinil (near Ngawi) are significant places for building up human evolution theories.

Sangiran is an interesting place for scientific tourism in the field of geology, anthropology, and archaeology. Many experts come to this site to do research and studies. There is no other place in the world like Sangiran. The Sangiran fossils are very various. These fossils used to be flora and fauna from the earth surface and the sea. There was a possibility that the island of Java was appeared from the bottom of sea million years ago. The villagers of Sangiran are making souvenirs from stones such as the statues, axes, eggs, rings, etc to promote local tourism.

(taken from : soal UN Bahasa Inggris SMP Tahun 2019)

2. Contoh Descriptive Text tentang Orang (Person)

I’m so happy to have a close friend. She is my beloved classmate, Fafa. We’ve known each other since we were in grade 8. We were in the same class and we still are in grade 9 until now.

Fafa is a very kind and friendly girl. She is always ready to help other people. Although she comes from rich family, she never looks down on other people. She is very sociable and has a lot of friends. She can interact easily with people from different ages. Therefore, she is popular among teachers and parents.

(taken from soal UN Bahasa Inggris SMP Tahun 2016)

3. Contoh Descriptive Text tentang Benda 

I love an antique bicycle, because of that I decided to join an old bike community called Onthel Lovers. Last year I bought one from my friend. It took a while to clean and fix it, but now I can use it to go out with my Onthel community. It may not be as good as a new bicycle, but I enjoy riding it. This is my favourite bicycle.

Most part of my Onthel bicycle is made of iron. It used to be rusty, but when I bought it. I clean every part of it and painted it in green. There are two saddles available on this bicycle. The first is for the rider, it is made of plastic, but I added some foam rubber on it and covered it with leather. The second saddle is for the passenger, it is made of iron. It has two wheels. The color of the tire is black. The handlebars and the broke lever is placed on each edge of the stem. The stem is not adjustable because this is an old style bicycle. I place a bell next to the right handlebar. There is also a lamp called as the headlight attached to the bike framework and it is placed right above the front wheel. It is operated by using a dynamo which relied on the movement of the wheel as its source of energy. I added a bottle hanger on the framework so that I can carry a bottle of water whenever I ride my bicycle. I also replace the old chain cover with a new one. It is made of plastic and its color is black

(sumber: http://www.wordcliff.com)

4. Contoh  Descriptive Text  tentang Hewan Peliharaan

I have a bird. It is a funny bird. His name is Bingo. Bingo has beautiful eyes and blue feather covering his body. There is a yellow necklace around his neck. I bought it two weeks ago. The yellow necklace looks so match to his blue feather.

Bingo always hops on his branch whenever I get closer to him. However, what I like most from his is his beautiful voice. He likes to sing very much. My father trains him to do it. His singing wakes me up every morning.

I always take care of him. I feed him twice a day. I usually give him brid food or sometime nuts too. I think he prefer nuts to the bird food. I love my blue bird so much.